Freezing Water Into Ice

Water is the foundation of life on Earth, partly due to an unusual collection of properties that are not duplicated by any other substance. One of those properties is the fact that solid water, or ice, is less dense than cold liquid water. This property is what enables fish and other creatures to continue living in a lake or river that has frozen over. The ice floats on the surface of the liquid water, rather than choking the bottom of the lake or river.

Grades covered: 4 through 8

Curriculum Topics: Phase Changes, Density, Measurement

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Standards

Idea Sheets are cross-referenced to subjects listed in the Common Core, Next Generation Science Standards, and California Content Standards.

Common Standards Click to View

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. ||Next Generation Science Standards||Grade 4||Physical Science||Energy |||Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen. [ Examples: adding air to expand a basketball, compressing air in a syringe, dissolving sugar in water, & evaporating salt water.]||Next Generation Science Standards||Grade 5||Physical Science||Matter and its Interactions|||Make observations & measurements to identify materials based on their properties. [Examples of properties: color, hardness, reflectivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, response to magnetic forces, & solubility; density is not intended as an identifiable property.]||Next Generation Science Standards||Grade 5||Physical Science||Matter and its Interactions|||Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures||Next Generation Science Standards||Middle School||Physical Science||Matter and Its Interactions |||Apply scientific principles to design, construct, & test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer. [Examples: an insulated box, a solar cooker, & a Styrofoam cup.]||Next Generation Science Standards||Middle School||Physical Science||Energy

California Standards (Click to View)

1.e. Scientists have developed instruments that can create images of atoms and molecules showing that they are discrete and often occur in well ordered arrays.||CA Science||Grade 5||01. Physical Sciences||1. Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world.|||1.g. Properties of solid, liquid, and gaseous substances, such as sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆), water (H₂O), helium (He), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂).||CA Science||Grade 5||01. Physical Sciences||1. Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world.|||3.c. Atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long chain polymers.||Grade 8||01. Physical Sciences||3. Structure of Matter||3. Elements have distinct properties and atomic structure. All matter is comprised of one or more of over 100 elements.|||3.e. In solids atoms are locked in position and can only vibrate, in liquids atoms and molecules are loosely connected and collide and move past one another, while in gases the atoms or molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently.||Grade 8||01. Physical Sciences||3. Structure of Matter||3. Elements have distinct properties and atomic structure. All matter is comprised of one or more of over 100 elements.|||8.a. Density is mass per unit volume.||Grade 8||01. Physical Sciences||8. Density and Buoyancy||8. All objects experience a buoyant force when immersed in a fluid.|||8.b. How to calculate the density of substances (regular and irregular solids, and liquids) from measurements of mass and volume.||Grade 8||01. Physical Sciences||8. Density and Buoyancy||8. All objects experience a buoyant force when immersed in a fluid.

Categories include:

Physical Science
Grades 3-5
Grades 6-8
Science

Tags: Matter, Energy, Chemical Reactions

Subjects covered: Array

Freezing Water Into Ice

Standards

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