| Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. | Next Generation Science Standards | Grade 4 | Physical Science | Energy |
| Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another. [Examples : electric circuits that convert electrical energy into motion energy of a vehicle, light, or sound; and, a passive solar heater that converts light into heat. Examples of constraints: materials, cost, or design time.] | Next Generation Science Standards | Grade 4 | Physical Science | Energy |
| Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact. [Assessment is limited to electric and magnetic fields, and limited to qualitative evidence for the existence of fields.] | Next Generation Science Standards | Middle School | Physical Science | Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions |
| Develop & use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields. [Examples: conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy, the energy stored due to position of an object , & the energy stored between 2 electrically-charged plates. ] | Next Generation Science Standards | High School | Physical Science | Energy |
| Design, build, & refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy. | Next Generation Science Standards | High School | Physical Science | Energy |
| Develop & use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects & the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction. | Next Generation Science Standards | High School | Physical Science | Energy |
